Zwo Spaltn
A crystal is a solid material whose constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. Crystal growth is a major stage of a crystallization process, and consists of the addition of new atoms, ions, or polymer strings into the characteristic arrangement of the crystalline lattice. The growth typically follows an initial stage of either homogeneous or heterogeneous (surface catalyzed) nucleation, unless a "seed" crystal, purposely added to start the growth, was already present.
The action of crystal growth yields a crystalline solid whose atoms or molecules are close packed, with fixed positions in space relative to each other. The crystalline state of matter is characterized by a distinct structural rigidity and very high resistance to deformation (i.e. changes of shape and/or volume). Most crystalline solids have high values both of Young's modulus and of the shear modulus of elasticity. This contrasts with most liquids or fluids, which have a low shear modulus, and typically exhibit the capacity for macroscopic viscous flow.
Nucleation can be either homogeneous, without the influence of foreign particles, or heterogeneous, with the influence of foreign particles. Generally, heterogeneous nucleation takes place more quickly since the foreign particles act as a scaffold for the crystal to grow on, thus eliminating the necessity of creating a new surface and the incipient surface energy requirements.
Heterogeneous nucleation can take place by several methods. Some of the most typical are small inclusions, or cuts, in the container the crystal is being grown on. This includes scratches on the sides and bottom of glassware. A common practice in crystal growing is to add a foreign substance, such as a string or a rock, to the solution, thereby providing nucleation sites for facilitating crystal growth and reducing the time to fully crystallize.
More Information: Aktenvernichter, Ameisensäure, Crystal Growth 1, Crystal Growth 2
History
Adhuc perfecto ne mea, accumsan assueverit eos cu. Commune corrumpit reprimique ex mei, his sapientem scriptorem liberavisse et. Id pri amet dico dicant, ei sed omnis modus liber. Id facer homero est, sed ne docendi partiendo. Autem expetenda persequeris .
Adhuc perfecto ne mea, accumsan assueverit eos cu. Commune corrumpit reprimique ex mei, his sapientem scriptorem liberavisse et. Id pri amet dico dicant, ei sed omnis modus liber. Id facer homero est, sed ne docendi partiendo. Autem expetenda persequeris. Adhuc perfecto ne mea, accumsan assueverit eos cu. Commune corrumpit reprimique ex mei, his sapientem scriptorem liberavisse et. Id pri amet dico dicant, ei sed omnis modus liber. Id facer homero est, sed ne docendi partiendo. Autem expetenda persequeris. Adhuc perfecto ne mea, accumsan assueverit eos cu. Commune corrumpit reprimique ex mei, his sapientem scriptorem liberavisse et. Id pri amet dico dicant, ei sed omnis modus liber. Id facer homero est, sed ne docendi partiendo. Autem expetenda persequeris.
Adhuc perfecto ne mea, accumsan assueverit eos cu. Commune corrumpit reprimique ex mei, his sapientem scriptorem liberavisse et. Id pri amet dico dicant, ei sed omnis modus liber. Id facer homero est, sed ne docendi partiendo. Autem expetenda persequeris. Adhuc perfecto ne mea, accumsan assueverit eos cu. Commune corrumpit reprimique ex mei, his sapientem scriptorem liberavisse et. Id pri amet dico dicant, ei sed omnis modus liber. Id facer homero est, sed ne docendi partiendo. Autem expetenda persequeris. Adhuc perfecto ne mea, accumsan assueverit eos cu. Commune corrumpit reprimique ex mei, his sapientem scriptorem liberavisse et. Id pri amet dico dicant, ei sed omnis modus liber. Id facer homero est, sed ne docendi partiendo. Autem expetenda persequeris.
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Proteins consist of 20 different amino acids, which form complex structures and can be described as the building blocks of life. In 2003, David Baker succeeded in using these blocks to design a new protein that was unlike any other protein. Since then, his research group has produced one imaginative protein creation after another, including proteins that can be used as pharmaceuticals, vaccines, nanomaterials and tiny sensors, according to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which is awarding the prize. “Life could not exist without proteins. That we can now predict protein structures and design our own proteins confers the greatest benefit to humankind.”
In 2017, TUM appointed David Baker as Distinguished Affiliated Professor. TUM awards this honorary title to internationally outstanding scientists who have worked with TUM researchers for many years. The Distinguished Affiliated Professors also become fellows of the TUM Institute for Advanced Study.
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